word rank | frequency | n-gram |
---|---|---|
1 | 55600 | k- |
2 | 41246 | K- |
3 | 41237 | s- |
4 | 40644 | A- |
5 | 40322 | S- |
word rank | frequency | n-gram |
---|---|---|
1 | 21673 | ka- |
2 | 15969 | ya- |
3 | 13504 | Ka- |
4 | 11332 | sa- |
5 | 11269 | ba- |
word rank | frequency | n-gram |
---|---|---|
1 | 4803 | kar- |
2 | 4090 | Kar- |
3 | 3158 | yap- |
4 | 2854 | baş- |
5 | 2843 | kur- |
word rank | frequency | n-gram |
---|---|---|
1 | 2371 | Kara- |
2 | 1596 | anla- |
3 | 1524 | bulu- |
4 | 1507 | yapı- |
5 | 1506 | kull- |
word rank | frequency | n-gram |
---|---|---|
1 | 1450 | kulla- |
2 | 1157 | bulun- |
3 | 1090 | karşı- |
4 | 981 | değiş- |
5 | 974 | çalış- |
The tables show the most frequent letter-N-grams at the beginning of words for N=1…5. Their frequency is count without multiplicity, otherwise the stopwords would dominate the tables.
As shown in the above example (German), word prefixes are clearly visible. In the above example, ver- and ein- are prefixes, and Sch- is not. At the end of a prefix we typically have a wide variety of possible continuations. Hence a prefix of length k will be prominent in the table for N=k, but typically not in the table for N=k+1. The prominent entries Schw- and Schl- for N=4 tell us that Sch- is no prefix.
Zipf’s diagram is plotted with both axis in logarithmic scale, hence we expect nearly straight lines. The graphs look more typical for larger N. Especially for N=3 we find only a small number of trigrams resulting in a sharp decay.
For a language unknown to the reader, the data can easily be used to see whether prefixes do exist and to find the most prominent examples.
For counting, only words with a minimum character length of 10 were considered.
Because only a word list is needed, the tables above can be generated from a relatively small corpus.
For N=3:
SELECT @pos:=(@pos+1), xx.* from (SELECT @pos:=0) r, (select count(*) as cnt, concat(left(word,3),"-") FROM words WHERE w_id>100 group by left(word,3) order by cnt desc) xx limit 5;
For more insight in a language, longer lists might be useful.
Is there a need for larger N
Most frequent word endings
Most frequent letter-N-grams
Number of letter-N-Grams at word beginnings
Number of letter-N-Grams at word endings